[Kabar-Irian] Irian News - 3/8/06 (Part 2 of 2)
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- 'The State of Freeport' a Fait Accompli Tragedy
- "Enough is enough!" - cries from West Papua and Nigeria
- Thirty nine years of Freeport-Rio Tinto is enough
- Protesters Want Freeport's Indonesia Mine Closed
- Rethinking Freeport
- Gold Rush in Timika
- Freeport In the Spotlight Again
*****************************
Radio Netherlands
5 March 2006
'The State of Freeport' a Fait Accompli Tragedy
Aboeprijadi Santoso
Papua is a synonym for a fait accompli tragedy. It is frequently forced
into situations by external forces which then become immutable. First, the
Dutch came and it was forced to become part of the Dutch East Indies, and
then to become part of the Republic as the result of New Order-style
trickery, but which was accepted as legitimate by the rest of the world.
The third fait accompli was the operations of a major corporation which
combined local political and economic interests with (multi-) –national
interests to exploit its natural resources for the benefit of everyone
excepting the local people but which also brought Papua a multidimensional
disaster, a tragedy called Freeport.
No longer keeping quiet
For two weeks, there has been uproar in Papua. It all began when a number
of men panning for gold in the operational area of the mighty US copper
and gold company, Freeport McMoran Copper and Gold Inc. were arrested. It
subsequently turned out that they had come there to pan thanks to the
efforts of an army unit in charge of guarding the Freeport mine.
So, this means that these illegal panners were rounded up by the very same
army unit that had brought them there in the first place? The reason? They
were accused of being from the OPM, Organisasi Papua Merdeka.
But if they were OPM, why had they been brought there? Outsiders, people
from Jakarta or from overseas, are in the habit of using NKRI (United
State of the Republic of Indonesia) as nothing more than a slogan,
proclaiming that 'it must be the OPM'. Isn't that what is undermining the
NKRI? So what more do you want?
But when you talk about the "OPM", it means that there is no security,
while the lack of security is the reason for increasing their bill for
taking charge of Freeport's security.
Papuan people who are well aware of the dynamic in Papua have known about
this for a long time. But this time they are no longer staying quiet.
'This has been army's way in Papua for decades,' they say. And they have
been speaking out not only to the media but also in the streets. Not only
in Wamena, but also in Nabire, Jayapura, Manokwari, Makassar, Jogjakarta
and Jakarta. They are calling for Freeport to be closed down because they
see the company here as 'The State of Freeport'.
Is 'The State of Freeport identical with the New Order?
The company that is running one of the world's biggest gold mines is more
than simply a business enterprise. It is situated in a very remote region,
on a mountain called Grasberg, on the slopes of the Central Highlands.
Its history is amazing. This was the very first foreign investment
concluded under the New Order, which was signed at a time when Papua (West
Irian) was still in limbo, on 1 April 1967, still awaiting the results of
the Act of Free Choice in 1969.
Today, according to a report in The Australia, Freeport's annual income is
US$4.2 billion, with a profit of US$ 934.6 million. Whereas the New Order
began life with the tragic massacres in 1965-66, it began its
accumulation of wealth from the natural resources with Freeport's arrival
in Papua.
Freeport is more than a fait accompli tragedy. It arrived along with the
New Order under the centralist military rubric of NKRI. With its
headquarters in Louisiana in the US, it operates in the depths of the
Papuan jungle, on the slopes of Grasberg. No journalists have ever entered
the area. You can only glimpse Grasberg with the help of Google.
During its lifetime, Freeport has earned the third largest profits in this
Republic while lining the pockets of the Soeharto Family and the army.
Since the 1980s, thanks to the efforts of Soeharto's son-in-law, Major
General Prabowo, Freeport has paid money to the local military command,
army units and police which have guarded Freeport, in violation of
American law, though such laws do not exist in Indonesia.
Freeport's operations have never been transparent and with good reason.
Freeport is also part of the mechanism of the New Order and its operations
would never have been possible without the New Order regime, with its NKRI
centralism. So, like it or not, Freeport is a kind of state.
Thanks to Google, we know that the men panning for gold, other outsiders
and even the local inhabitants cannot enter the area of Freeport
operations, high up in the mountains and heavily guarded by the army,
excepting when these panners are brought there by the men guarding
Freeport. And according to Papuan observer, Dr Benny Giay, 'in the
territory of Freeport, the army is God'.
Thanks to an article in The New York Times last December, we know all
about the privileged position of Freeport ever since the New Order because
of their exceptional contract.
Contract must be revised
Now, the people in the Central Highlands are furious. Movements have
emerged that have been inspired by the struggles of America's civil rights
fighter, Martin Luther King and are occurring in Papua as well as in
towns and cities in Java and Sulawesi. Now, they are angry with Freeport
and with the army who is in control of Freeport.
Several months ago, a young boy from the locality was shot in Waghete, and
the man who shot him received a light sentence. Even worse was the
detention of a dozen or more people together with Antonius Wamang, charged
with the murder of US citizens, teachers at a school near Timika, in
August 2002. According to the police chief at the time, I Made Mangku
Pastika, the perpetrators were a group of TNI soldiers but after the US
exerted continual pressure on Jakarta for the arrest and trial of the
perpetrators, Jakarta brought forward Wamang and a number of Papuans, who
were not the real perpetrators.
These are the events that resulted in the Central Highlands protest
calling for Freeport to be closed down.
Of course, the government in Jakarta does not like the idea of losing this
highly profitable resource, while Freeport for its part is not happy about
losing an investment which is now worth $US 12 billion.
So once again, Papua is caught in a fait accompli.
No wonder, the demand being made Central Highland Papuans is being
interpreted as a demand for the revision of Indonesia's contract with
Freeport.
That's Freeport for you!
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Mines & Communities
"Enough is enough!" - cries from West Papua and Nigeria
5th March 2006
Ten years ago, Rio Tinto financed Freeport McMoran's huge expansion of
Grasberg, making it the world's largest single mine. The Indonesian regime
(under Suharto) was jubilant. Community calls to close down the operation
altogether were muted.
Since then, military oppression in West Papua has increased by leaps and
bounds; there have been revelations of massive bribes paid by Freeort-Rio
Tinto to the perpetrators; and several environmental disasters affecting
the mine itself.
Within the past few months, such allegations have not gone away. On the
contrary, they have increased - notably with the publication by the New
York Times of major critical articles late last year (and reproduced on
this site).
Last week, West Papuans demonstrated both on their own territory, and in
the Indonesian capital Jakarta, crying "enough is enough". They demanded
the closure of the mine once and for all. The immediate trigger was the
shooting by the company's "security" (Indonesia military) of small-scale
miners in the concession area. But - as reflected in one of the statements
issued - the grievances stretch back nearly forty years. (Importantly,
too, the condemnatory statement links Freeport and Rio Tinto inextricably
together: a reality which almost all the international press continues to
ignore).
Coincidentally, at the same time, a Federal Nigerian court ruled that
Royal Dutch Shell must pay out US$1.5 billion to farmers who have suffered
grievously from oil spills onto their land. Ijaw communities have
threatened to force the company to halt its operations, unless the
compensation is promptly paid.
Facile comparisons between demands made in West Papua and those in the
Niger delta should be resisted. However, what they undoubtedly have in
common is a widespread peoples' perception that past "negotiations" to
mitigate damage, have utterly failed.
----------
United Front for the Struggle of West Papuan People - National Office,
Indonesia
Thirty nine years of Freeport-Rio Tinto is enough
27th February 2006
The history of Freeport in West Papua is a dark history of political
manipulation, of the false and unjust Act of Free Choice, the theft of
Papua's natural resources, destruction of traditional culture, breaches of
human rights, environmental destruction and the killing of democratic
values - the very definition of colonialism.
Currently it is the US and the EU which dominate social and political
relations with the market model otherwise known as neo-liberalism. Because
of this, as a multinational corporation (MNC) Freeport has brought with it
political, economic and human rights disaster for the Papuan people.
Since 1962, via the New York Agreement, it is clear that the economic and
political interests of the West were behind the incorporation of West
Papua into Indonesia, with the guarantee that Papua's natural resources -
rich in fisheries, forestry, minerals and gas - would be exploited.
Since 1967 PT Freeport Indonesia has been mining at Tembagapura, and for
39 years has been ransacking the rights of Papuans. Since 1977 violations
of human rights have been systematically and consciously carried out by
the Indonesian military and police with the support of PT Freeport
Indonesia. To assist in this process, the Government of Indonesia
instituted the DOM - Zone of Military Operations in Papua from 1978 to
1998. While the DOM was officially removed in 1988, reality tells
otherwise: troops have increased, new extra-territorial organisations have
been opened, and human rights violations have occurred at Abepura, Wasior
and Wamena including the case of the assassination of Papuan Independence
figure, Theys Hiyo Eluay in 2001 and the case of the Waghete-Paniai
murders. These stand as proof that the repressive nature of the military
and police has not receded but increased in intensity.
Freeport - Rio Tinto Joint Venture is a company whose name is synonymous
with many human rights and environmental violations. Environmental
violations have caused the loss of livelihoods of local people through the
theft of their lands and pollution. This is what drives local people to
scratch through Freeport's waste looking for traces of discarded gold.
Even then, they must reckon with Freeport security and state law
enforcement apparatus. Freeport is proven to be paying the military and
police in order to secure their operations. Freeport's official reports
are proof of the millions of dollars paid to the top echelons of both
forces.
The conflict between residents, police and company security which took
place in Mimika regency on Tuesday 21 Feb 2006 began when security forces
including police attempted to evict hundreds of local people which have
for the past year been panning for gold in the tailings deposits at Mile
72/74. This eviction caused a conflict which escalated into serious
violence between local people, police and Freeport security. Three local
people were shot by security forces and taken to the Tembagapura hospital.
A police officer and a company security officer were also injured.
Hundreds of local people from surrounding villages blockaded the road at
Ridge Camp and halted production at the Freeport - Rio Tinto Joint
Venture. Their demands include a direct negotiation with James Moffet,
Chairman of the (US) Board of Directors.
Front PEPERA-PB perceives this sequence of events as a consequence of an
accumulation of the neglect of the Indonesian State and failure to respond
to the voices of Papuans and their demands for mine closure to be followed
by an audit and thorough investigation of all human rights abuses,
corruption and environmental crimes which have been performed by Freeport
- Rio Tinto. We also believe that statements made by the Indonesian State
in regards to the situation in Papua have actually worsened the social,
political and security situation in Papuan lands.
Therefore, we the Front PEPERA-PB demand:
Immediate closure of the Freeport - Rio Tinto mine followed by an audit
and thorough investigation;
Recall all non-organic military and police from Papua;
A Strong denunciation of Vice President Yusuf Kalla's statement calling
for an increase in troops to secure the Freeport - Rio Tinto concession
area;
Unconditional release of the Papuans detained in connection with the
Timika Mile 62-63 case and the demonstration at Freeport's Jakarta
offices.
Beginning in March 2006 Front PEPERA-PB will garner solidarity for a
General Strike throughout Papua and for people to approach all levels of
government including the Governor and Mayor's office. We also call on all
Papuan people not to be goaded by the provocation of the Indonesian State
security apparatus. The Papuan community must stick together and resolve
all issues through a National Dialogue undertaken democratically, honestly
and justly, from grassroots through to the National Papuan level.Contact:
Arkilaus Baho (+62815 7874 0611) and Marthen Goo (+62813-80207584).
United Front For The Struggle Of West Papuan People
National Office - Indonesia
Website: http/www.melanesianews.org/spm
Email: front_pepera@yahoo.com or kp_amp@yahoo.com
----------
By PlanetArk, Indonesia, Jakarta
Protesters Want Freeport's Indonesia Mine Closed
Story by Achmad Sukarsono
Reuters News Service
1st March 2006
Hundreds of native Papuans are demonstrating to demand the closure of a
huge mine in Indonesia's Papua province run by the US company
Freeport-McMoran Copper & Gold Inc, police and witnesses said on Tuesday.
In Jakarta, 100 protesters trying to enter a building that houses Freeport
offices scuffled with anti-riot police, who eventually used a water cannon
to help disperse the crowd.
Protesters also have staged rallies in Papua's provincial capital of
Jayapura and in Timika, the nearest town to Freeport's Grasberg mine,
Papuan police spokesman Kartono Wangsadisastra said.
"Yesterday, we had 700 protesters in Jayapura. Today, around 200 of them
have showed up again to demand the closure of the Freeport mine while
around 50 residents have erected tents in Timika to display their
grievances," Wangsadisastra said.
"They want other residents to join the rallies and we are guarding them.
Everything is under control over here," he said. Antara national news
agency reported members of Papuan local councils have promised the
protesters a discussion with the Jakarta government on the future of the
controversial mine, located in the snow-capped Papuan highlands.
Operations at Freeport's Grasberg mine, believed to have the world's
third-largest copper reserves and one of the biggest gold deposits, came
to a standstill for four days last week before protesters, mostly illegal
miners, left the site near the town of Timika, about 3,400 km (2,100
miles) east of Jakarta.
Rock-Throwing Mob
Papuans in the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, have vented anger against
Freeport over a range of issues by damaging parts of the building housing
company offices last week and by protests this Monday and Tuesday.
On Tuesday, hundreds of police in anti-riot gear exchanged blows with the
outnumbered protesters, who tried to strip officers of their riot helmets
and plastic shields, some of which were shattered in the scuffles.
Police sprayed water at the rock-throwing protesters but that only pushed
them out of the building compound. Steps away, on one of Jakarta's busiest
streets, they continued their rally loudly condemning Freeport,
Indonesia's largest taxpayer.
"The police have over-reacted. This is just the beginning of our fight
because we have not received anything good from Freeport. We are going to
protest until Freeport is shut," said rally spokesman Marthen Goo.
So far, protesters have not reached the actual Freeport offices that
occupy the higher floors of the building.
The Freeport operation has been a frequent source of controversy in
Indonesia over issues ranging from its impact on the environment, to the
share of revenue going to Papuans and Papua, to the legality of payments
to Indonesian security forces who help guard the site.
Illegal miners often enter mining areas in Indonesia, a sprawling
archipelago that is the world's fourth most populous country with huge
metal deposits such as copper, gold and tin. (Additional reporting by
Telly Nathalia)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Tempo (via Joyo Indonesia News Service)
No. 27/VI
March 07-13, 2006
Opinion
Rethinking Freeport
-- Violent demonstrations demanding the closure of Freeport could be
counterproductive. The investment-friendly climate could be ruined and
everybody would lose out.
IF there is one problem impossible to solve to the satisfaction of all
sides, it is perhaps the one involving the Freeport mine at Tembagapura,
Papua. Last week, Freeport's headquarters in Jakarta was attacked by
demonstrators trying to force the closure of the mine. In Tembagapura the
main road was blocked by local people angry that they had been forbidden
to dig for gold dust in Freeport's tailings.
Those people demonstrating, with or without violence, had only one thing
on their minds: that their demands be met. They did not stop to consider
the consequences if they were not, if they came up against an immovable
brick wall. This is nothing unusual, and happens in almost every
demonstration. In fact another thing they did not think about is what
would happen if they managed to achieve their aims. Freeport and its
operation in Papua would be closed. But the problems would not end there:
new ones would arise.
Their methods to try and find a solution-which would bring greater
problems on all of us-were not just wrong because Freeport would be closed
down, but because of what happened when the demonstrations turned violent.
Sealing off Freeport's office in Jakarta and blocking the road to
Tembagapura in Papua may have been done for different motives, but the
effect was the same.
It was not only Freeport that felt the effects. The two incidents had an
indirect and non-physical effect that was even more important. Prospective
investors in Indonesia saw the feeling of security and the certainty that
the law would be upheld, vanish before their eyes. Everybody will suffer,
far more than Freeport did, if these investors leave or cancel their plans
to pour funds into this country.
It is clear that contained within the protests against Freeport, there is
a clash between the immediate demands and the indirect long-term interest.
One is local and concrete, whereas the other is a wider national interest
that is difficult to appreciate. It is difficult to persuade those who
feel they are victims to care about other interests. If, for example, the
share of the proceeds of Freeport's activities strongly favored local
people, perhaps their protests about the extent of environmental damage,
shares, royalties and unequal tax payments to the state would not be
conducted with the same militancy.
There is no reason to defend Freeport by saying that it is a company that
has carried out its social obligations to the letter. But neither do we
need to make it an enemy by saying it is a foreign company that is
greedily stripping natural resources and spiriting the proceeds out of the
country. Freeport is a company the same as any other that controls
capital, technology and an organization. All capitalist enterprises are
the same, be they domestic or foreign. Managing natural resources needs
this capital. The heart of the matter is the quality of governmental
control.
Finally, we do not want to stop at inviting people to direct all their
abuse to the four winds, because thus far that is the only option open.
There are improvements that could still be discussed, possibly including
re-negotiation of the contract that was agreed behind closed doors.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Tempo Magazine
No. 27/VI/March 07-13, 2006
Gold Rush in Timika
-- Many traditional prospectors are panning for gold around the Freeport
mine, conspiring with security guards to beat the ban.
THE numerous gold shops lined up on Jalan Bogenvile are devoid of
customers. Only a few passers-by enter the kiosks near the Timika market.
Ordinarily, many people come here to buy or sell gold. The gold collected
by traditional prospectors near the giant Freeport copper and gold mine
always ends up here.
"Things are very quiet now," said Hapsah, a gold vendor at the Timika
market, in Papua, who met with Tempo last week. She said that the clash
between traditional prospectors and security guards and officers of
Freeport Indonesia at Mile 72, Tembagapura, two weeks ago, was the cause.
As a result, the prospectors are afraid to pan for gold which they usually
sell at Timika.
Before the incident, gold trading in Timika was booming. Gold vendors
would often run out of money to buy the gold dust collected by the
traditional prospectors.
In addition to brining this local gold trade to a halt, the clash also
triggered protests in Jakarta and Papua, where demonstrators demanded the
closure of PT Freeport Indonesia. This issue has also prompted
high-ranking government officials and politicians in Jakarta to reassess
the working contract between Freeport and the Indonesian government.
Up to now, these traditional gold prospectors have been free to search for
gold in the tailings, or ore residue, from Freeport's mining operation.
They can collect a fair amount. For a full day's work, a prospector can
collect 100 grams of gold dust. One gram of gold dust is worth Rp100,000.
The gold collected by these prospectors is usually turned into jewelry and
sold in Timika or sent to Makassar and Jayapura. If the gold dust is
smelted into gold bars, the price can go as high as Rp160,000 per gram. If
it is used to make rings or necklaces, the price is even higher.
Profits for gold vendors in Timika can multiply if they purchase the gold
directly at the panning site. There they can buy the gold dust for only
Rp50,000 per gram. Even without money, the vendors can still barter the
gold for food or other goods. This traditional gold panning takes place
along the Kabur stream, more precisely between miles 34 and 72 in
Tembagapura, at an altitude of 3,000 meters above sea level. The river,
which used to be clear, has turned a silvery-white from the tailings.
The Kabur stream is popular with the prospectors because it is located
right under a gigantic stone-breaking machine owned by Freeport. This
machine pulverizes large stones containing gold, silver and copper. These
particles then flow through pipes to the ports of Amampare and Poumako,
south of Timika town.
Even though Freeport has already siphoned off and loaded the pure gold
onto ships, the traditional prospectors can still get the gold residue,
which is mixed in with the tailings that flow down the Kabur stream. "For
a day in the stream, we can get about 10 to 20 grams of gold," said Pius
Kogoya, a traditional prospector who lives in Kwamki Lama village of
Timika.
Even though the area is off-limits to prospectors from miles 34 to 72
Tembagapura, people from different areas and tribes continue to come to
this site. Previously, the only traditional prospectors in this region
were from the seven tribes located around the Kabur stream, namely the
Amungme, Nduga, Damal, Dani Lani, Ekari, Moni, and Komoro tribes.
Outside prospectors and gold vendors manage to enter the area by
conspiring with security men guarding the Freeport area. According to
several prospectors, in order to enter the area from miles 34 to 72 in
Tembagapura, all they need is to bribe the guards with Rp500,000 to Rp1
million. "We can enter safely because we are accompanied and escorted by
the security guards," said Pius.
The prospecting location is on a high hill next to a deep ravine. To reach
the area, visitors must pass by six guard posts. One post is usually
guarded by five to seven officers, and they work in 24-hour shifts. This
is why it is not cheap to bribe the guards.
The prospectors who get through usually stay at the prospecting site for a
few weeks, even months, until they sift through the tailings which wash
downstream from the Freeport plant at Mile 72. Because of its
profitability, gold prospecting has become a livelihood for many,
including for residents of Kwamki Lama and Kwamki Baru, Timika.
For a good take, a prospector can make over Rp7 million in one month. Take
Pius Kogoya for example. Even though he lives in a simple home with low
walls and an aluminum roof, he now owns a 21" television set and a
cellular phone. "I also want to buy a motorcycle, but I can't yet because
recently I have been forbidden to prospect," said Pius.
Prospecting near Freeport has indeed been banned. According to the Police
Chief for the Tembagapura Sector, First Adj. Sr. Comr. Ketut Suratnya,
before the clash with the gold prospectors, his side had repeatedly
reminded them not to mine in the vicinity of Freeport. "However, they
continued to prospect, and their numbers even grew," said Ketut.
Actually, it is quite difficult for traditional prospectors to enter the
area, because the route behind the Grasberg mountain in Jayawijaya has
been closed for a long time. In order to reach the panning location, they
have to traverse the Arwanop route.
Ketut Suratnya did not rule out the possibility that some traditional
prospectors have arrived through the Timika-Tembagapura route. "The
problem is, that way is not well-guarded," he said. Prospectors who pass
by this route generally do not live near the Freeport mine.
"They enter illegally, and they are only a few," said Lt. Col. (Inf.)
Gustav Irianto Kusumowibowo, Commander of the Mimika District Military
Command. He also denied the allegations that the military is being paid to
sneak prospectors into the Freeport location.
The booming gold trade in Timika has been the only evidence of this, as
seeking fortunes behind Mount Grasberg has been panning out for
traditional prospectors.
-- Zed Abidien, Cunding Levi (Timika)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Tempo (via Joyo Indonesia News Service)
No. 27/VI
March 07-13, 2006
Freeport In the Spotlight Again
THE clash between traditional prospectors and security guards at Mile 72,
Tembagapura, Papua, has ended. Protests to end Freeport's activities in
Papua have begun to settle down as well. However, the Freeport issue has
sprung to the surface, and many circles are focusing on it again.
Former MPR Speaker Amien Rais feels that this American company has
committed three major mistakes. In addition to damaging the environment,
Freeport has not been forthcoming about its total production levels, and
it has not given a fair share of the profits to the Indonesian government.
"We never know how much gold, silver and copper is being taken out of our
country," he said last week.
Commission VII in the House of Representatives (DPR) also plans to form a
working group to investigate a number of discrepancies which have arisen
at Freeport, including the issue of environmental pollution. "The
impression is that Freeport has always been untouchable. Whereas, all
companies that damage the environment are the same in the eyes of the
law," said Sonny Keraf, a member of the commission which deals with mining
and energy issues.
After obtaining its first mining contract in Papua in 1967, Freeport has
often been the target of criticism. It is felt that this company has
reaped massive profits, but has only made a small contribution to the
people of Indonesia. Freeport's annual profits reach at least US$800
million. Over the past 13 years, Freeport Indonesia has contributed
US$10.4 billion to Freeport McMoran, its holding company.
Vice President Jusuf Kalla has also recently spoken out on this issue. He
said that the government is going to form a joint team from various
ministries to investigate Freeport's activities. "With the current high
price of gold, we should be getting two or three times as much as Freeport
has been giving us," he said. Even so, he emphasized that the government
is not going to cancel its working contract with Freeport.
Freeport itself has said that it has paid a lot of money to Indonesia.
Dividends and taxes paid came to US$260 million in 2004.
According to Freeport spokesman Siddharta Moersyid, 2005 was indeed an
exception on account of the high price of gold. Freeport paid dividends,
taxes and royalties coming to US$1.1 billion. He also emphasized that over
the past nine years the company has given Rp1.8 trillion as local
partnership funds to those living near the mining operation.
-- ZA, Cunding Levi
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